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HI5741
TM
Data Sheet
May 2000
File Number
4071.7
14-Bit, 100 MSPS, High Speed D/A Converter
The HI5741 is a 14-bit, 100 MSPS, D/A converter which is implemented in the Intersil BiCMOS 10V (HBC-10) process. Operating from +5V and -5.2V, the converter provides 20.48mA of full scale output current and includes an input data register and bandgap voltage reference. Low glitch energy and excellent frequency domain performance are achieved using a segmented architecture. The digital inputs are TTL/CMOS compatible and translated internally to ECL. All internal logic is implemented in ECL to achieve high switching speed with low noise. The addition of laser trimming assures 14-bit linearity is maintained along the entire transfer curve.
Features
* Throughput Rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 MSPS * Low Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .650mW * Integral Linearity Error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 LSB * Low Glitch Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1pV-s * TTL/CMOS Compatible Inputs * Improved Hold Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.25ns * Excellent Spurious Free Dynamic Range
Applications
* Cellular Base Stations * Wireless Communications * Direct Digital Frequency Synthesis
Ordering Information
PART NUMBER HI5741BIP HI5741BIB HI5741-EVS TEMP. RANGE (oC) -40 to 85 -40 to 85 25 PACKAGE 28 Ld PDIP 28 Ld SOIC PKG. NO. E28.6 M28.3
* Signal Reconstruction * Test Equipment * High Resolution Imaging Systems * Arbitrary Waveform Generators
Evaluation Board (SOIC)
Pinout
HI5741 (PDIP, SOIC) TOP VIEW
D13 (MSB) 1 D12 2 D11 3 D10 4 D9 5 D8 6 D7 7 D6 8 D5 9 D4 10 D3 11 D2 12 D1 13 D0 (LSB) 14 28 DGND 27 AGND 26 REF OUT 25 CTRL AMP OUT 24 CTRL AMP IN 23 RSET 22 AVEE 21 IOUT 20 IOUT 19 ARTN 18 DVEE 17 DGND 16 DVCC 15 CLOCK
3-1
CAUTION: These devices are sensitive to electrostatic discharge; follow proper IC Handling Procedures. 1-888-INTERSIL or 321-724-7143 | Intersil and Design is a trademark of Intersil Corporation. | Copyright (c) Intersil Corporation 2000
HI5741 Typical Application Circuit
+5V 0.01F DVCC (16) D13 D12 D11 D10 D9 D8 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 D13 (MSB) (1) D12 (2) D11 (3) D10 (4) D9 (5) D8 (6) D7 (7) D6 (8) D5 (9) D4 (10) D3 (11) D2 (12) D1 (13) D0 (LSB) (14) CLK (15) DGND (17, 28) 64 (20) IOUT (23) RSET 976 (19) ARTN (27) AGND (21) IOUT 64 D/A OUT (26) REF OUT (24) CTRL AMP IN (25) CTRL AMP OUT -5.2V (AVEE) 0.1F HI5741
50
DVEE (18) 0.1F 0.01F -5.2V (DVEE)
(22) AVEE 0.01F -5.2V (AVEE) 0.1F
Functional Block Diagram
(LSB) D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10 15 D11 D12 (MSB) D13 CLK OVERDRIVEABLE VOLTAGE REFERENCE RSET REF CELL 25 CTRL AMP IN CTRL AMP OUT UPPER 4-BIT DECODER 15 15 SWITCHED CURRENT CELLS 14-BIT MASTER REGISTER DATA BUFFER/ LEVEL SHIFTER SLAVE REGISTER 227 227 10 LSBs CURRENT CELLS R2R NETWORK ARTN
IOUT IOUT
+
-
AVEE
AGND
DVEE
DGND
DVCC
REF OUT
3-2
HI5741
Absolute Maximum ratings
TA = 25oC
Thermal Information
Thermal Resistance (Typical, Note 1) JA (oC/W) PDIP Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 SOIC Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 Maximum Junction Temperature HI5741BIx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .150oC Maximum Storage Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . . -65oC to 150oC Maximum Lead Temperature (Soldering 10s) . . . . . . . . . . . . .300oC (SOIC - Lead Tips Only)
Digital Supply Voltage VCC to DGND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +5.5V Negative Digital Supply Voltage DVEE to DGND . . . . . . . . . . -5.5V Negative Analog Supply Voltage AVEE to AGND, ARTN . . . . . -5.5V Digital Input Voltages (D13-D0, CLK) to DGND. . . . . DVCC to -0.5V Internal Reference Output Current. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5mA Voltage from CTRL AMP IN to AVEE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5V to 0V Control Amplifier Output Current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5mA Reference Input Voltage Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-3.7V to AVEE Analog Output Current (IOUT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30mA
Operating Conditions
Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -40oC to 85oC
CAUTION: Stresses above those listed in "Absolute Maximum Ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress only rating and operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational sections of this specification is not implied.
NOTE: 1. JA is measured with the component mounted on an evaluation PC board in free air.
Electrical Specifications
AVEE , DVEE = -4.94 to -5.46V, VCC = +4.75 to +5.25V, VREF = Internal, TA = 25oC HI5741BI TA = -40oC TO 85oC
PARAMETER SYSTEM PERFORMANCE Resolution Integral Linearity Error, INL (Notes 5) Differential Linearity Error, DNL Offset Error, IOS Full Scale Gain Error, FSE Offset Drift Coefficient Full Scale Output Current, IFS Output Voltage Compliance Range DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS Throughput Rate Output Voltage Settling Time (1/16th Scale Step Across Segment) Singlet Glitch Area, GE (Peak) Output Slew Rate Output Rise Time Output Fall Time Spurious Free Dynamic Range within a Window (Note 4) (Note 4) (Note 4)
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN 14
TYP 1.0 0.5 8 3.2 -20.48 11 20 1 1,000 675 470 87 77 75 80 78 79 86 85 77 74 73 71
MAX 1.5 1.75 1.0 75 10 0.05 0 -
UNITS Bits LSB LSB LSB A % A/oC mA V MSPS ns ns pV*s V/s ps ps dBc dBc dBc dBc dBc dBc dBc dBc dBc dBc dBc dBc
"Best Fit Straight Line", TA = 25oC "Best Fit Straight Line", TA = -40oC to 85oC (Note 5) TA = 25oC (Note 5) (Notes 3, 5) (Note 4)
-1.25 100 -
RL = 64 (Note 4) - Settling to 0.024% RL = 64 (Note 4) - Settling to 0.012% RL = 64 (Note 4) RL = 64, DAC Operating in Latched Mode (Note 4) RL = 64, DAC Operating in Latched Mode (Note 4) RL = 64, DAC Operating in Latched Mode (Note 4) fCLK = 10 MSPS, fOUT = 1.23MHz, 2MHz Span fCLK = 20 MSPS, fOUT = 5.055MHz, 2MHz Span fCLK = 40 MSPS, fOUT = 16MHz, 10MHz Span fCLK = 50 MSPS, fOUT = 10.1MHz, 2MHz Span fCLK = 80 MSPS, fOUT = 5.1MHz, 2MHz Span fCLK = 100 MSPS, fOUT = 10.1MHz, 2MHz Span
Spurious Free Dynamic Range to Nyquist (Notes 4)
fCLK = 10 MSPS, fOUT = 1.023MHz, 5MHz Span fCLK = 10 MSPS, fOUT = 2.02MHz, 5MHz Span fCLK = 25 MSPS, fOUT = 2.02MHz, 12.5MHz Span fCLK = 50 MSPS, fOUT = 5.055MHz, 25MHz Span fCLK = 75 MSPS, fOUT = 7.52MHz, 37.5MHz Span fCLK = 100 MSPS, fOUT = 10.1MHz, 50MHz Span
3-3
HI5741
Electrical Specifications
AVEE , DVEE = -4.94 to -5.46V, VCC = +4.75 to +5.25V, VREF = Internal, TA = 25oC (Continued) HI5741BI TA = -40oC TO 85oC PARAMETER Multi-Tone Power Ratio (MTPR) REFERENCE/CONTROL AMPLIFIER Internal Reference Voltage, VREF Internal Reference Voltage Drift Internal Reference Output Current Sink/Source Capability Internal Reference Load Regulation Amplifier Input Impedance Amplifier Large Signal Bandwidth Amplifier Small Signal Bandwidth Reference Input Impedance (CTL IN) Reference Input Multiplying Bandwidth (CTL IN) DIGITAL INPUTS (D9-D0, CLK, INVERT) Input Logic High Voltage, VIH Input Logic Low Voltage, VIL Input Logic Current, IIH Input Logic Current, IIL Digital Input Capacitance, CIN TIMING CHARACTERISTICS Data Setup Time, tSU Data Hold Time, tHLD Propagation Delay Time, tPD CLK Pulse Width, tPW1, tPW2 POWER SUPPLY CHARACTERISTICS IVEEA IVEED IVCCD Power Dissipation Power Supply Rejection Ratio NOTES: 2. Dissipation rating assumes device is mounted with all leads soldered to printed circuit board. 3. Gain Error measured as the error in the ratio between the full scale output current and the current through RSET (typically 1.28mA). Ideally the ratio should be 16. 4. Parameter guaranteed by design or characterization and not production tested. 5. All devices are 100% tested at 25oC. 6. Dynamic Range must be limited to a 1V swing within the compliance range. 7. In testing MTPR, tone frequencies ranged from 1.95MHz to 3.05MHz. The ratio is measured as the range from peak power to peak distortion in the region of removed tones. (Note 5) (Note 5) (Note 5) (Note 5) VCC 5%, VEE 5% 42 75 13 650 5 50 95 20 mA mA mA mW A/V See Figure 1 (Note 4) See Figure 1 (Note 4) See Figure 1 (Note 4) See Figure 1 (Note 4) 3 0.5 1.0 2.0 0.25 4.5 0.85 ns ns ns ns (Note 5) (Note 5) (Note 5) (Note 5) (Note 4) 2.0 3.0 0.8 400 700 V V A A pF (Notes 5) (Note 4) (Note 4) IREF = 0 to IREF = -500A (Note 4) 4.0VP-P Sine Wave Input, to Slew Rate Limited (Note 4) 1.0VP-P Sine Wave Input, to -3dB Loss (Note 4) (Note 4) RL = 50, 100mV Sine Wave, to -3dB Loss at IOUT (Note 4) -1.27 -500 -1.23 50 100 3 1 5 12 75 -1.17 +50 V V/oC A V M MHz MHz k MHz TEST CONDITIONS 8 Tones, no Clipping, 110kHz Spacing, 220kHz spacing between tones 4 and 5, fCLK = 20 MSPS (Note 7) MIN TYP 76 MAX UNITS dBc
3-4
HI5741 Timing Diagrams
CLK
50%
D13-D0
ERROR BAND
V
GLITCH AREA = 1/2 (H x W)
HEIGHT (H) IOUT
tPD
tSETT
WIDTH (W)
t(ps)
FIGURE 1. FULL SCALE SETTLING TIME DIAGRAM
FIGURE 2. PEAK GLITCH AREA (SINGLET) MEASUREMENT METHOD
tPW1
tPW2
CLK
50%
tSU tHLD D13-D0
tSU tHLD
tSU tHLD
tPD
tSETT
IOUT
tPD
tSETT
tPD
tSETT
FIGURE 3. PROPAGATION DELAY, SETUP TIME, HOLD TIME AND MINIMUM PULSE WIDTH DIAGRAM
3-5
HI5741 Typical Performance Curves
670 660 -1.19 650 640 (V) 630 620 610 NOTE: CLOCK FREQUENCY DOES NOT ALTER POWER DISSIPATION 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 600 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 -1.20 -1.21 -1.22 -1.23 -1.24 -1.25 -1.26 -1.27 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 -1.17 -1.18
(mW)
TEMPERATURE (oC)
TEMPERATURE (oC)
FIGURE 4. TYPICAL POWER DISSIPATION OVER TEMPERATURE
FIGURE 5. TYPICAL REFERENCE VOLTAGE OVER TEMPERATURE
1.5 1.0 0.5 (LSB) 0 -0.5 -1.0 -1.5 0 5000 CODE 10,000 15,000
0.8 0.5 0.25 (LSB) 0
-0.25 -0.5
-0.8 0 5000 10,000 CODE 15,000
FIGURE 6. TYPICAL INL PERFORMANCE
FIGURE 7. TYPICAL DNL PERFORMANCE
40 35 30
4.2 4.0 3.8 3.6
25 (%) (A) 20 15 10 5 0 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10
3.4 3.2 3.0 2.8 2.6 2.4 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 2.2 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
TEMPERATURE (oC)
TEMPERATURE (oC)
FIGURE 8. TYPICAL OFFSET CURRENT OVER TEMPERATURE
FIGURE 9. TYPICAL GAIN ERROR OVER TEMPERATURE
3-6
HI5741 Typical Performance Curves
90 85 80 (dBc) (dBc) fOUT = (1/10) fCLK 60 10 20 30 fCLK (MSPS) 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 60 75 70 65
(Continued)
90 85 80 75 70 65 fOUT = (1/5) fCLK 10 20 30 fCLK (MSPS) 40 50 60 70 80 90100
FIGURE 10. SFDR vs CLOCK FREQUENCY
FIGURE 11. SFDR vs CLOCK FREQUENCY
82 80 76 74 (dBc) (dBc) 72 70 68 66 64 62 1 5 fOUT (MSPS) 10 fCLK = 50 MSPS
82 80 78 76 74 72 70 68 66 64 62 fCLK = 75 MSPS 1 5 fOUT (MHz) 10 15
FIGURE 12. SFDR vs fOUT
FIGURE 13. SFDR vs fOUT
80 78 76
-72 fOUT = 2.03MHz -74 -76 3RD HARMONIC
74 (dBc) (dBc) 72 70 68 -82 66 64 62 1 5 fOUT (MHz) 10 15 20 fCLK = 100 MSPS -84 -86 10 20 30 fCLK (MSPS) 40 50 60 70 80 90100 -78 -80 2ND HARMONIC
FIGURE 14. SFDR vs fOUT
FIGURE 15. HARMONIC DISTORTION vs CLOCK FREQUENCY
3-7
HI5741 Typical Performance Curves
10dB/ fCLK = 20 MSPS MTPR = 75.17dBc fCLK = 100 MSPS fOUT = 26.6MHz SFDR = 77.5dBc S
(Continued)
10dB/
S
C START 1.900MHz STOP 3.100MHz
C CENTER 26.637MHz
SPAN 2.000MHz
FIGURE 16. TYPICAL MTPR PERFORMANCE
FIGURE 17. SFDR WITHIN A WINDOW
12-BIT WINDOW : 240V @: -30.96mV SETTLING TIME 1
: 300V @: -124.1mV
~10ns
1 GLITCH = (0.5) * (300V) * (3.3ns) = 0.495pV/s
CH1 1.00mV~
M 5.0ns CH1
-16.9mV
CH1 1.00mV
M 5.0ns CH1
-109mV
FIGURE 18. TYPICAL SETTLING TIME PERFORMANCE
FIGURE 19. TYPICAL GLITCH ENERGY
Pin Descriptions
PIN NO. 1-14 15 16 17, 28 18 23 27 19 21 20 22 24 25 26 PIN NAME PIN DESCRIPTION D13 (MSB) thru D0 Digital Data Bit 13, the Most Significant Bit through Digital Data Bit 0, the Least Significant Bit. (LSB) CLK DVCC DGND DVEE RSET AGND ARTN IOUT IOUT AVEE CTRL AMP IN CTRL AMP OUT REF OUT Data Clock Pin 100kHz to 100 MSPS. Digital Logic Supply +5V. Digital Ground. -5.2V Logic Supply. External Resistor to set the full scale output current. IFS = 16 x (VREFOUT /RSET). Typically 976. Analog Ground Supply current return pin. Analog Signal Return for the R/2R ladder. Current Output Pin. Complementary Current Output pin. -5.2V Analog Supply. Input to the current source base rail. Typically connected to CTRL AMP OUT and a 0.1F capacitor to AVEE. Allows external control of the current sources. Control amplifier out. Provides precision control of the current sources when connected to CTRL AMP IN such that IFS = 16 x (VREFOUT /RSET). -1.23V (typical) bandgap reference voltage output. Can sink up to 500A or be overdriven by an external reference capable of delivering up to 2mA.
3-8
HI5741 Detailed Description
The HI5741 is a 14-bit, current out D/A converter. The DAC can convert at 100 MSPS and runs on +5V and -5.2V supplies. The architecture is an R/2R and segmented switching current cell arrangement to reduce glitch. Laser trimming is employed to tune linearity to true 14-bit levels. The HI5741 achieves its low power and high speed performance from an advanced BiCMOS process. The HI5741 consumes 650mW (typical) and has an improved hold time of only 0.25ns (typical). The HI5741 is an excellent converter for use in communications applications and high performance video systems.
ZO = 50 CLK RT = 50 HI5741 DAC
FIGURE 20. HI5741 CLOCK LINE TERMINATION
Rise and Fall times and propagation delay of the line will be affected by the shunt terminator. The terminator should be connected to DGND.
Noise Reduction
To reduce power supply noise, separate analog and digital power supplies should be used with 0.1F and 0.01F ceramic capacitors placed as close to the body of the HI5741 as possible on the analog (AVEE) and digital (DVEE) supplies. The analog and digital ground returns should be connected together back at the device to ensure proper operation on power up. The VCC power pin should also be decoupled with a 0.1F capacitor. Reduction of digital noise (caused by high slew rates on the bit inputs to the HI5741) can be accomplished through the use of series termination resistors. The use of serial resistors, which combine with the input capacitance of the HI5741 to induce a low pass filter characteristic, keeps the noise generated by high slew rate digital signals from corrupting the high accuracy analog data. Refer to Application Note AN9619 "Optimizing setup conditions for high accuracy measurements of the HI5741" for further details on selecting the proper value of series termination to meet application specific needs.
Digital Inputs
The HI5741 is a TTL/CMOS compatible D/A. Data is latched by a Master register. Once latched, data inputs D0 (LSB) through D13 (MSB) are internally translated from TTL to ECL. The internal latch and switching current source controls are implemented in ECL technology to maintain high switching speeds and low noise characteristics.
Decoder/Driver
The architecture employs a split R/2R ladder and segmented current source arrangement. Bits D0 (LSB) through D9 directly drive a typical R/2R network to create the binary weighted current sources. Bits D10 through D13 (MSB) pass through a "thermometer" decoder that converts the incoming data into 15 individual segmented current source enables. This split architecture helps to improve glitch, thus resulting in a more constant glitch characteristic across the entire output transfer function.
Reference
The internal reference of the HI5741 is a -1.23V (typical) bandgap voltage reference with 50V/oC of temperature drift (typical). The internal reference is connected to the Control Amplifier which in turn drives the segmented current cells. Reference Out (REF OUT) is internally connected to the Control Amplifier. The Control Amplifier Output (CTRL OUT) should be used to drive the Control Amplifier Input (CTRL IN) and a 0.1F capacitor to analog VEE . This improves settling time by providing an AC ground at the current source base node. The Full Scale Output Current is controlled by the REF OUT pin and the set resistor (RSET). The ratio is: IOUT (Full Scale) = (VREF OUT /RSET) x 16. The internal reference (REF OUT) can be overdriven with a more precise external reference to provide better performance over temperature. Figure 21 illustrates a typical external reference configuration.
HI5741 (26) REF OUT -1.25V R -5.2V
Clocks and Termination
The internal 14-bit register is updated on the rising edge of the clock. Since the HI5741 clock rate can run to 100 MSPS, to minimize reflections and clock noise into the part, proper termination should be used. In PCB layout clock runs should be kept short and have a minimum of loads. To guarantee consistent results from board to board, controlled impedance PCBs should be used with a characteristic line impedance ZO of 50. To terminate the clock line, a shunt terminator to ground is the most effective type at a 100 MSPS clock rate. A typical value for termination can be determined by the equation,
RT = ZO
for the termination resistor. For a controlled impedance board with a ZO of 50, the RT = 50. Shunt termination is best used at the receiving end of the transmission line or as close to the HI5741 CLK pin as possible.
FIGURE 21. EXTERNAL REFERENCE CONFIGURATION
3-9
HI5741
Multiplying Capability
The HI5741 can operate in two different multiplying configurations. For frequencies from DC to 100kHz, a signal of up to 0.6VP-P can be applied directly to the REF OUT pin as shown in Figure 22.
CTRL OUT CTRL IN
TABLE 1. CAPACITOR SELECTION fIN 100kHz >1MHz C1 0.01F 0.001F C2 1F 0.1F
0.01F AVEE VIN CIN (OPTIONAL)
Also, the input signal must be limited to 1VP-P to avoid distortion in the DAC output current caused by excessive modulation of the internal current sources.
HI5741
REF OUT RSET
Outputs
The outputs IOUT and IOUT are complementary current outputs. Current is steered to either IOUT or IOUT in proportion to the digital input code. The sum of the two currents is always equal to the full scale current minus one LSB. The current output can be converted to a voltage by using a load resistor. Both current outputs should have the same load resistor (64 typically). By using a 64 load on the output, a 50 effective output resistance (ROUT) is achieved due to the 227 (15%) parallel resistance seen looking back into the output. This is the nominal value of the R2R ladder of the DAC. The 50 output is needed for matching the output with a 50 line. The load resistor should be chosen so that the effective output resistance (ROUT) matches the line resistance. The output voltage is: VOUT = IOUT x ROUT. IOUT is defined in the reference section. IOUT is not trimmed to 14 bits, so it is not recommended that it be used in conjunction with IOUT in a differential-to-single-ended application. The compliance range of the output is from 1.25V to 0V, with a 1VP-P voltage swing allowed within this range.
TABLE 2. INPUT CODING vs CURRENT OUTPUT INPUT CODE (D13-D0) 11 1111 1111 1111 IOUT (mA) -20.48 -10.24 0 IOUT (mA) 0 -10.24 -20.48
FIGURE 22. LOW FREQUENCY MULTIPLYING BANDWIDTH CIRCUIT
The signal must have a DC value such that the peak negative voltage equals -1.25V. Alternately, a capacitor can be placed in series with REF OUT if a DC multiplying is not required. The lower input bandwidth can be calculated using the following formula:
1 C IN = ------------------------------------------( 2 ) ( 1400 ) ( f IN )
For multiplying frequencies above 100kHz, the CTRL IN pin can be driven directly as seen in Figure 23.
HI5741 CTRL OUT C2 200 VIN AVEE C1 CTRL IN 50
FIGURE 23. HIGH FREQUENCY MULTIPLYING BANDWIDTH CIRCUIT
10 0000 0000 0000 00 0000 0000 0000
The nominal input/output relationship is defined as:
V IN I OUT = ------------80
Settling Time
The settling time of the HI5741 is measured as the time it takes for the output of the DAC to settle to within a defined error band of its final value during a 1/16th (code 0000... to 0001 0000.... or 1111... to 1110 1111...) scale transition. In defining settling time specifications for the HI5741, two levels of accuracy are considered. The accuracy levels defined for the HI5741 are 12 (or 0.024%) and 13 (0.012%) bits.
In order to prevent the full scale output current from exceeding 20.48mA, the RSET resistor must be adjusted according to the following equation:
16V REF R SET = ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------V IN ( PEAK ----------------------------) I OUT ( Full scale ) - 80
Glitch
The output glitch of the HI5741 is measured by summing the area under the switching transients after an update of the DAC. Glitch is caused by the time skew between bits of the incoming digital data. Typically, the switching time of digital inputs are asymmetrical meaning that the turn off time is faster than the turn on time (TTL designs). Unequal delay
The circuit in Figure 23 can be tuned to adjust the lower cutoff frequency by adjusting capacitor values. Table 1 below illustrates the relationship:
3-10
HI5741
paths through the device can also cause one current source to change before another. In order to minimize this, the Intersil HI5741 employes an internal register, just prior to the current sources, which is updated on the clock edge. Lastly, the worst case glitch on traditional D/A converters usually occurs at the major transition (i.e., code 8191 to 8192). However, due to the split architecture of the HI5741, the glitch is moved to the 1023 to 1024 transition (and every subsequent 1024 code transitions thereafter). This split R/2R segmented current source architecture, which decreases the amount of current switching at any one time, makes the glitch practically constant over the entire output range. By making the glitch a constant size over the entire output range this effectively integrates this error out of the end application. In measuring the output glitch of the HI5741 the output is terminated into a 64 load. The glitch is measured at any one of the current cell carry (code 1023 to 1024 transition or any multiple thereof) throughout the DACs output range. The glitch energy is calculated by measuring the area under the voltage-time curve. Figure 25 shows the area considered as glitch when changing the DAC output. Units are typically specified in picoVolt/seconds (pV/s).
HI5741 (21) IOUT 64 100MHz LOW PASS FILTER SCOPE 50
5k REF OUT (26) +
1/ CA2904 2
-
5k
+
1/ CA2904 2
-
60
0.1F HI5741 IOUT (21) 50
240 240
+ HFA1100
-
VOUT
FIGURE 26. BIPOLAR OUTPUT CONFIGURATION
Interfacing to the HSP45106 NCO-16
The HSP45106 is a 16-bit Numerically Controlled Oscillator (NCO). The HSP45106 can be used to generate various modulation schemes for Direct Digital Synthesis (DDS) applications. Figure 27 shows how to interface an HI5741 to the HSP45106.
Definition of Specifications
Integral Linearity Error, INL, is the measure of the worst case point that deviates from a best fit straight line of data values along the transfer curve. Differential Linearity Error, DNL, is the measure of the error in step size between adjacent codes along the converter's transfer curve. Ideally, the step size is 1 LSB from one code to the next, and the deviation from 1 LSB is known as DNL. A DNL specification of greater than -1 LSB guarantees monotonicity. Feedthru, is the measure of the undesirable switching noise coupled to the output. Output Voltage Full Scale Settling Time, is the time required from the 50% point on the clock input for a full scale step to settle within an 1/2 LSB error band.
FIGURE 24. GLITCH TEST CIRCUIT
a (mV)
GLITCH ENERGY = (a x t)/2
t (ns) FIGURE 25. MEASURING GLITCH ENERGY
Output Voltage Small Scale Settling Time, is the time required from the 50% point on the clock input for a 100mV step to settle within an 1/2 LSB error band. This is used by applications reconstructing highly correlated signals such as sine waves with more than 5 points per cycle. Glitch Area, GE, is the switching transient appearing on the output during a code transition. It is measured as the area under the curve and expressed as a volt * time specification (typically pV-s). Differential Gain, AV, is the gain error from an ideal sine wave with a normalized amplitude. Differential Phase, , is the phase error from an ideal sine wave. Signal to Noise Ratio, SNR, is the ratio of a fundamental to the noise floor of the analog output. The first 5 harmonics are ignored, and an output filter of 1/2 the clock frequency is used to eliminate alias products.
Applications
Bipolar Applications
To convert the output of the HI5741 to a bipolar 4V swing, the following applications circuit is recommended. The reference can only provide 125A of drive, so it must be buffered to create the bipolar offset current needed to generate the -2V output with all bits `off'. The output current must be converted to a voltage and then gained up and offset to produce the proper swing. Care must be taken to compensate for the voltage swing and error. 3-11
HI5741
Total Harmonic Distortion, THD, is the ratio of the DAC output fundamental to the RMS sum of the harmonics. The first 5 harmonics are included, and an output filter of 1/2 the clock frequency is used to eliminate alias products. Spurious Free Dynamic Range, SFDR, is the amplitude difference from a fundamental to the largest harmonically or non-harmonically related spur. A sine wave is loaded into the D/A and the output filtered at 1/2 the clock frequency to eliminate noise from clocking alias terms. Multi-Tone Power Ratio, MTPR, is the amplitude difference from peak amplitude to peak distortion (either harmonic or non-harmonic). An 8 tone pattern is loaded into the D/A. The
U2 33 MSPS CLK BASEBAND BIT STREAM ENCODER K9 C11 B11 C10 A11 F10 F9 F11 H11 G11 G9 J11 G10 D10 CONTROLLER VCC J10 K11 CLK MOD2 MOD1 MOD0 PMSEL DACSTRB ENPOREG SIN15 ENOFREG SIN14 ENCFREG SIN13 SIN12 ENPHAC SIN11 ENTIREG SIN10 INHOFR SIN9 INITPAC SIN8 INITTAC SIN7 SIN6 TEST SIN5 PARSER SIN4 BINFMT SIN3 SIN2 SIN1 C15_MSB SIN0 C4 C13 C12 C11 C10 COS15 C9 COS14 C8 COS13 COS12 C7 COS11 C6 COS10 C5 COS9 C4 COS8 C3 COS7 C2 COS6 C1 COS5 C0 COS4 A2 COS3 A1 COS2 A0 COS1 CS COS0 WR PACI OES OEC HSP45106 TICO L1 K3 L2 L3 L4 J5 K5 L5 K6 J6 J7 L7 L6 L8 K8 L9 L10 R4 50 C2 B1 C1 D1 E3 E2 E1 F2 F3 G3 G1 G2 H1 H2 J1 K1 B2 VCC 16 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 FILTER U1 DVCC IOUT 21 R1 64 20 24 25 C2 C1 0.1F 0.01F R2 64 -5.2V_A -5.2V_A TO RF UP-CONVERT STAGE
tone spacing of this pattern (f) is created such that tones 1 through 4 and 5 through 8 are spaced equally, with tones 4 and 5 spaced at 2f. MTPR is measured as the dynamic range from peak power to peak distortion in the 2f gap. Intermodulation Distortion, IMD, is the measure of the sum and difference products produced when a two tone input is driven into the D/A. The distortion products created will arise at sum and difference frequencies of the two tones. IMD can be calculated using the following equation:
20Log (RMS of Sum and Difference Distortion Products) IMD = -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------( RMS Amplitude of the Fundamental )
D13 (MSB) D12 D11 IOUT/ D10 D9 C AMP IN D8 D7 D6 C AMP OUT D5 D4 D3 D2 REF OUT D1 D0 (LSB) CLK RSET ARET
26 23 19 R3 976
B8 A8 B6 B7 A7 C7 C6 A6 A5 C5 A4 B4 A3 A2 B3 A1 B10 B9 A10 E11 E9 VCC VCC H10 K2 J2
28 DGND 17 DGND 18 DV EE
AVSS 27 AVEE 22 -5.2V_A
-5.2V_D
HI5741
L1 -5.2V_D 10H -5.2V_A
L2 10H
FIGURE 27. PSK MODULATOR USING THE HI5741 AND HSP45106 16-BIT NCO
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